Informatics Publishing Limited

Yatri R. Shah ¹, Parimal M. Prajapati ², Ravi N. Patel ³, Urvi Y. Patel ³, Dhrubo Jyoti Sen ³

Affiliations
1 Shukla Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Gujarat Technological University, Behind Marketing Yard, Nr. Lalpari Lake, Amargadh (Bhichari), Rajkot, Gujarat, IN
2 I. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Samarth Campus, Opp. Sabar Dairy, Himmatnagar-383001, Sabarkantha, Gujarat, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Caco-2 cells are most commonly used not as individual cells, but as a confluent monolayer on a cell culture insert filter (e.g., Transwell). When cultured in this format, the cells differentiate to form a polarized epithelial cell monolayer that provides a physical and biochemical barrier to the passage of ions and small molecules. The Caco-2 monolayer is widely used across the pharmaceutical industry as an in-vitro model of the human small intestinal mucosa to predict the absorption of orally administered drugs. The correlation between the in vitro apparent permeability (P¬app) across Caco-2 monolayers and the in-vivo fraction absorbed (fa) is well established.

Full Text

     

Parimal M. Prajapati ¹, Yatri R. Shah ², Dhrubo Jyoti Sen ³

Affiliations
1 I. K. Patel College of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Samarth Campus, Opp. Sabar Dairy, Himmatnagar-383001, Sabarkantha, Gujarat, IN
2 Shree H. N. Shukla Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Behind Marketing Yard, Nr. Lalpari Lake, Amargadh (Bhichari), Rajkot, Gujarat, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

Autonet, that represents a self training neural network. Results from the neural network are presented visually in order to rapid and easy convey to the medicinal chemist the important features derived by the neural network. The Autonet approach addresses this through the visual display of the hidden unit weights and thus rapidly conveys useful and informative results to the user. QSAR (Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships) studies rely heavily upon statistics to derive mathematical models which relate the biological activity of a series of compounds to one or more properties of the molecules. The application of neural networks as a substitute for discriminant analysis. Neural networks in QSAR in a manner similar to multiple regression analysis. Comparative study of neural networks and regression analysis using a set of dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors. Their results indicated neural networks were superior to regression analysis in providing accurate predictions.

Full Text

     

Yatri R. Shah ¹, Dhrubo Jyoti Sen ¹, C. N. Patel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Arvind Baug, Mehsana-384001, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

CYP450 exists in prokaryotic and eukaryotic (plants, insects, fish and mammal, as well as microorganism).Different P450 enzymes can be found in almost any tissue:liver, kidney, lungs and even brain. It plays an important role in drugs metabolism and xenobiotics. Cytochrome P450 proteins in humans are drug metabolizing enzymes and enzymes that are used to make cholesterol, steroids and other important lipids such as prostacyclins and thromboxane-A2.Firstly CYP450 is discovered by R.T. Williams-in vivo, 1947. Brodie-in vitro, from late 40s till the 60s. Cytochrome P450 enzymes (hemoproteins) play an important role in the intra-cellular metabolism CYP enzymes have been identified from all lineages of life, including mammals, birds, fish, insects, worms, sea squirts, sea urchins, plants, fungi, slime molds, bacteria and archaea. More than 8100 distinct CYP sequences are known. CYP450 includes hydroxylation and various xenobiotic reactions. Clinical aspects of CYP450 include genetic polymorphism and drug drug interaction. Roche Amplichip test in very useful nowadays because many harmful reactions resulting from inappropriate dosing and treatment may be significantly reduced as clinicians can adjust the patient’s regimen accordingly. The AmpliChip Cytochrome P450 Genotyping System may help the doctor determine if a patient is at risk of adverse drug reactions or sub-optimal drug response. Thus it is very up growing technique to prevent adverse drug reactions.

Full Text